Until last years, technological developments have been inspired by nature and used biomimicry at the microscopic scale. Scientists like Richard Feynman noticed the potential of microsystems approximately 60 years ago. With the development of semiconductor device fabrication, microelectromechanical systems were practiced. …

Technological innovations affect the world dramatically. These innovations contribute to the development of engineering in biology, therefore bioengineering emerges which is the most significant field of science in 21st century. Bioengineering is the application of biological techniques to create modified versions of organisms. Nowadays, genetical transformation for treatment was achieved…